Optimalisasi Perawatan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ) Berbasis Komunitas
Keywords:
Beban keluarga, gangguan jiwa, intervensi komunitas, perawatan ODGJAbstract
Treatment of people with mental disorders (ODGJ) is one of the problems in Village C in realizing the Mental Health Alert Village. Lack of family understanding about the care of ODGJ makes the family tend to have a negative attitude towards ODGJ. This activity aims to obtain an overview of the efforts to cure ODGJ, and the obstacles experienced, as well as to design and implement an intervention program to increase the knowledge and skills of families in caring for ODGJ. This activity aims to obtain an overview of the efforts to cure ODGJ, and the obstacles experienced, as well as to design and implement an intervention program to increase the knowledge and skills of families in caring for ODGJ. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and focus group interview. The intervention methods used are advocacy and psychoeducation. The data obtained were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. From psychoeducation activities, it is known that there is an increase in the participants’s knowledge, understanding, and skills. as indicated by the change in the scale score from 37.25 to 39.25. The family shows behavioral changes in providing care and treatment for ODGJ. Through advocacy activities, it is possible to create a Mental Health Post which will provide services every month to ODGJ families.
ABSTRAK
Perawatan orang dengan gangguan jiwa (ODGJ) menjadi salah satu permasalahan Desa C dalam mewujudkan Desa Siaga Sehat Jiwa. Pemahaman keluarga yang minim mengenai perawatan ODGJ membuat keluarga cenderung bersikap negatif terhadap ODGJ. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai upaya meyembuhkan ODGJ, dan hambatan yang dialami, serta merancang dan melaksanakan program intervensi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan keluarga dalam merawat ODGJ. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 18 orang yang terdiri dari keluarga yang merawat ODGJ, serta masyarakat dan pemerintah desa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara dan FGI. Metode intervensi yang digunakan yaitu advokasi dan psikoedukasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji Wilcoxon. Dari kegiatan psikoedukasi diketahui bahwa ada peningkatan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan keterampilan pada peserta yang ditunjukkan pada perubahan skor skala dari 37,25 menjadi 39,25. Keluarga menunjukkan perubahan perilaku dalam memberikan perawatan dan pengobatan bagi ODGJ. Melalui kegiatan advokasi dapat terwujud Posyandu Jiwa yang akan memberikan layanan setiap bulan pada keluarga ODGJ.
References
Agustina, N. W., & Handayani, S. (2017). Kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat pasien skizofrenia dengan gejala halusinasi. Urecol, 2, 439–444. Retrieved from https://journal.unimma.ac.id/index.php/urecol/article/view/1083
Aylaz, R., & Yıldız, E. (2017). The care burden and coping levels of chronic psychiatric patients’ caregivers. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(2), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12228
Bulut, M., Arslantaş, H., & Dereboy, İ. F. (2016). Effects of psychoeducation given to caregivers of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 17(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2016.1222039
Carlozzi, N, E., Sherman, C., Angers, K., Belanger, M, P., Austin, A, M., Ryan, K, A. (2018). Caring for an individual with mild cognitive impairment: A qualitative perspective of health-related quality of life from caregivers. Physiology & Behavior, 22(9), 1190–1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1341468
Dicé, F., & Zoena, F. (2017). Loneliness and family burden : an exploratory investigation on the emotional experiences of caregivers of patients with severe mental illness. The Qualitative Report, 22(7), 1781–1791. Retrieved from https://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol22/iss7/4/
Ebrahimi, H., Seyedfatemi, N., Namdar Areshtanab, H., Ranjbar, F., Thornicroft, G., Whitehead, B., & Rahmani, F. (2018). Barriers to family caregivers’ coping with patients with severe mental illness in iran. Qualitative Health Research, 28(6), 987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318758644
Fatmawati, Iin Nadlifah Arwah., M. (2016). Faktor-faktor penyebab skizofrenia (studi kasus di rumah sakit jiwa daerah surakarta), Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. http://eprints.ums.ac.id/46748/
Fitrikasari, A., Kadarman, A., & Sarjana, W. (2012). Gambaran beban caregiver penderita skizofrenia di poliklinik rawat jalan rsj amino gondohutomo semarang. Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine, 1(2), 118–122. https://doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v1i2.56
Fitryasari, R., Yusuf, A., Dian, R., & Endang, H. (2018). Family members’ perspective of family Resilience’s risk factors in taking care of schizophrenia patients. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(3), 255–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.06.002
Gater, A., Rofail, D., Tolley, C., Marshall, C., Abetz-webb, L., Zarit, S. H., Berardo, C. G., Place, H., Way, F., City, W. G., & Al, H. (2014). ‘“ Sometimes it ” s difficult to have a normal life ’’: results from a qualitative study exploring caregiver burden in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research and Treatment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/368215
Hernandez, M. (2015). Perceptions of subjective burden among latino families caring for a loved one with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9881-5
Janah, M., & Hargiana, G. (2021). Levels of stress and coping strategies in family caregivers who treat schizophrenic patients with risk of violent behavior. Journal of Public Health Research, 10. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2021.2404
Kizilirmak, B., & Küçük, L. (2016). Care burden level and mental health condition of the families of individuals with mental disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2015.10.004
Krupchanka, D., Chrtková, D., Vítková, M., Munzel, D., Čihařová, M., Růžičková, T., Winkler, P., Janoušková, M., Albanese, E., & Sartorius, N. (2018). Experience of stigma and discrimination in families of persons with schizophrenia in the czech republic. Social Science & Medicine, 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.07.015
Monnapula-Mazabane, P., & Petersen, I. (2021). Mental health stigma experiences among caregivers and service users in South Africa: a qualitative investigation. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02236-y
Oldani, L., & Grancini, B. (2019). Cannabis-induced psychosis. Springer International Publishing, 115–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319- 91557-9_7
Ranjan, L. K., & Kiran, M. (2016). Stress, anxiety and depression among caregivers of individual with psychiatric disorders. International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(2), 1-7. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343280475_Stress_Anxiety_and_Depression_among_Caregivers_of_Individual_with_Psychiatric_Disorders
Rowaert, S., Vandevelde, S., Lemmens, G., & Audenaert, K. (2017). How family members of mentally ill offenders experience the internment measure and (forensic) psychiatric treatment in belgium : A qualitative study. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 54(7), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.05.003
Sarfika, R., Effendi, N., Nurdin, A.E., Malini, H. (2021). Modul Pendidikan Kesehatan Jiwa Berbasis Machine Learning. http://www.depkes.go.id/article/view/16111500002/germas-wujudkan-indonesia-sehat.html
Secinti, E., Yavuz, H. M., & Selcuk, B. (2017). Feelings of burden among family caregivers of people with spinal cord injury in turkey. Spinal Cord, 55(8), 782–787. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2017.6
Sulastri, S. (2018). Kemampuan keluarga dalam merawat orang dengan gangguan jiwa. Jurnal Kesehatan, 9(1), 131-137. https://doi.org/10.26630/jk.v9i1.721
Tristiana, R. D., Triantoro, B., Nihayati, H. E., Yusuf, A., & Abdullah, K. L. (2019). Relationship between caregivers’ burden of schizophrenia patient with their quality of life in indonesia. Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Mental Health, 6(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-019-00144-w
Tristiana, R. D., Yusuf, A., Fitryasari, R., Wahyuni, S. D., & Nihayati, H. E. (2018). Perceived barriers on mental health services by the family of patients with mental illness. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(1), 63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2017.12.003
Tursilarini, T.Y., Ikawati., Tricahyono, S.A., Purnama, A., Listyawati., Andayani., Solehah, Siti., Andariani, D. A., Sarinem. (2020). Kajian Pendampingan Odgj Berbasis Komunitas Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. BB2P3KS PRESSSS. Retrived from https://b2p3ksjogja.kemensos.go.id/kajian-pendampingan-odgj-berbasis-komunitas-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19
Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomer 18 tahun 2014 Tentang Kesehatan Jiwa. https://ipkindonesia.or.id/media/2017/12/uu-no-18-th-2014-ttg-kesehatan-jiwa.pdf
Von Kardof, E., Kamali, M, Soltaninejad, A., Sharbabaki, S. E. (2015). Family caregiver burden in mental illnesses : The case of affective disorders and schizophrenia – a qualitative exploratory study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 70(4), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2015.1084372
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2022 Adita Lintang Kharisma Putri, Sri Lestari, Setia Asyanti, Sepi Indriati, Mir'atun Hasanah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Poltekita: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License
You are free to:
- Share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
- The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
1.png)
