Effect of Bach Classical Music Therapy on Dysmenorrhea Pain Intensity Among Women of Childbearing Age
Pengaruh Terapi Musik Klasik Bach terhadap Intensitas Nyeri Dismenore pada Wanita Usia Subur
Keywords:
Dysmenorrhea, Bach classical music therapy, non-pharmacological pain management, women of childbearing ageAbstract
Background: Dysmenorrhea affects 45–95% of women of reproductive age and 50–70% of female employees in the Hanau Clinic working area, Seruyan Regency. Conventional management, including analgesics and menstrual leave, may provide limited benefits. Bach classical music therapy is a non-pharmacological approach that may reduce pain by promoting relaxation and modulating alpha-wave activity, although neurophysiological parameters were not directly measured.
Methods: This quantitative study used a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design without a control group. The study was conducted at Hanau Clinic, Seruyan Regency, Central Kalimantan, from January to March 2026. The population consisted of 52 women of childbearing age experiencing primary dysmenorrhea at Hanau Clinic; 20 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of Bach classical music therapy administered for 20–30 minutes per day on days 1–3 of menstruation. Pain intensity was measured using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (α = 0.05).
Results: The mean pain score decreased from 6.15 to 2.55. Before therapy, 13 (65.0%) respondents had moderate pain and 7 (35.0%) severe pain; afterward, 15 (75.0%) had mild pain and 5 (25.0%) moderate pain. The reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.001; Z = −3.921) with a large effect size (r = −0.876), while the median decreased from 6.00 (IQR: 5.00–7.00) to 2.50 (IQR: 2.00–3.00).
Conclusion: Bach classical music therapy may serve as a promising complementary intervention associated with reduced dysmenorrhea pain intensity in women of childbearing age; however, controlled studies are needed to confirm causal effectiveness. This therapy may support non-pharmacological menstrual pain management and improve women’s quality of life.
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