Factors Associated with Medication Adherence Among Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Medication adherence is central to type 2 diabetes management, but evidence from Central Sulawesi remains limited. Objective: To explore factors associated with medication adherence among outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This exploratory cross-sectional study used a feasibility sample of 34 patients purposively recruited at Undata General Hospital in March 2024. All 34 invited patients consented, completed the questionnaires, and were analyzed. MMAS-8 scores were classified as adherent (score 6–8) or non-adherent (score <6) for the retained binary analysis. Bivariate associations were assessed using Pearson Chi-square tests. Results: Seventeen participants (50.0%) were adherent. Spiritual well-being showed a bivariate Pearson Chi-square association (p = 0.031), whereas the other examined factors did not reach p <0.05. Conclusion: The findings identify preliminary association between spiritual well-being and medication adherence. The small purposive sample, self-reported measures, and cross-sectional design limit precision and generalizability.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Hasbunsyah Siregar, Baiq Emy Nurmalisa, Agung Prabowo
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